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Any time I start working on a new project, I ask myself, 'Should I use separate git repositories for my back-end server and my front-end client(s)? What's the best way to organize the codebase?'
I had this same question after a few months working on my personal website. I originally had all the code in the same repository: the back end used Node.js and the front end used ES6 with Pug. I adopted this organization for convenience, since having both projects in the same repo made it easy to search for functions and classes, and facilitated refactors. However, I found some downsides:
- No independent deployments.
Both apps were using the same package.json, and there was no clear separation on both projects. - Unclear boundaries.
Since I rely on a global package.json, I didn't have a mechanism to set specific versions for the back end and front end. - Shared utilities and code without versioning.
After some research, I found that Yarn workspaces was a great tool to solve those cons, and it was a helpful tool to create a monorepo project (more to come later!).
In this article, I share an intro to Yarn workspaces. We'll run through a tutorial together on how to create your first project with it, and we'll finish with a recap and next steps.
What Are Yarn Workspaces?
Yarn is a package manager by the folks at Facebook, and it has a great feature called Yarn workspaces. Yarn workspaces let you organize your project codebase using a monolithic repository (monorepo). The idea is that a single repository would contain multiple packages. Packages are isolated and could live independent of the larger project.
As an alternative, we could place all of these packages into separate repositories. Unfortunately, this approach affects the shareability, efficiency, and developer experience when developing on the packages and their dependent projects. Furthermore, when we work in a single repository we can move more swiftly and build more specific tooling to improve processes for the entire development life cycle.
React is a good example of an open-source project that is monorepo. Also, React uses Yarn workspaces to achieve that purpose. In the next section we will learn how to create our first monorepo project with Yarn.
Creating A Monorepo Project With React And Express Using Yarn Workspaces In Six Steps
So far, we have learned what Yarn is, what a monorepo is, and why Yarn is a great tool to create a monorepo. Now let's learn from scratch how to set up a new project using Yarn workspaces. To follow along, you'll need a working environment with an up-to-date npm install. Download the source code.
Prerequisites
To fully complete this tutorial, you will need to have Yarn installed on your machine. If you haven't installed Yarn before, please follow these instructions.
These are the steps we'll be following in this tutorial:
1. Create Your Project And Root Workspace
In your local machine terminal, create a new folder called example-monorepo
:
Inside the folder, create a new package.json with our root workspace.
This package should be private in order to prevent accidentally publishing the root workspace. Add the following code to your new package.json file to make the package private:
2. Create A React Project And Add It To The Workspace List
In this step, we will create a new React project and add it to the list of packages inside the root workspace.
First, let's create a folder called packages where we will add the different projects we will create in the tutorial:
Facebook has a command to create new React projects: create-react-app
. We'll use it to create a new React app with all the required configuration and scripts. We are creating this new project with the name 'client' inside the packages folder that we created in step 1.
Once we have created our new React project, we need to tell Yarn to treat that project as a workspace. To do that, we simply need to add 'client' (the name we used earlier) inside the 'workspaces' list in the root package.json. Be sure to use the same name you used when running the create-react-app
command.
3. Create An Express Project And Add It To The Workspace
Now it's time to add a back-end app! We use express-generator
to create an Express skeleton with all the required configuration and scripts.
Make sure you have express-generator
installed on your computer. You can install it using Yarn with the following command:
Using express-generator
, we create a new Express app with the name 'server' inside the packages folder.
Finally, add the new package 'server' into the workspaces list inside the root package.json.
Note: This tutorial is simplified with only two packages (server and client). In a project, you might typically have as many packages as you need, and by convention the open-source community use this naming pattern:@your-project-name/package-name
. For example: I use@ferreiro/server
on my website.
4. Install All The Dependencies And Say Hello To yarn.lock
Once we have added our React app, as well as our Express server, we need to install all the dependencies. Yarn workspaces simplifies this process and we no longer need to go to every single application and install their dependencies manually. Instead, we execute one command — yarn install
— and Yarn does the magic to install all the dependencies for every package, and optimize and cache them.
Run the following command:
Www google apps free. This command generates a yarn.lock file (similar to this example). It contains all the dependencies for your project, as well as the version numbers for each dependency. Yarn generates this file automatically, and you should not modify it.
5. Using A Wildcard (*) To Import All Your Packages
Until now, for every new package we have added, we were forced to also update the root package.json to include the new package to the workspaces:[]
list.
We can avoid this manual step using a wildcard (*) that tells Yarn to include all the packages inside the packages folder.
Inside the root package.json, update the file content with the following line: 'workspaces': ['packages/*']
6. Add A Script To Run Both Packages
Last step! We need to have a way to run both packages — the React client and the Express client — simultaneously. For this example, we will use concurrently
. This package let us run multiple commands in parallel.
Add concurrently
to the root package.json:
Add three new scripts inside the root workspace package.json. Two scripts initialize the React and Express clients independently; the other one uses concurrently
to run both scripts in parallel. See this code for reference.
Note: We will not need to write ourstart
scripts into the 'server' and 'client' packages because the tools we used to generate those packages (create-react-app
andexpress-generator
) already add those scripts for us. So we are good to go!
Finally, make sure you update the Express boot-up script to run the Express server on port 4000. Otherwise, the client and server will try to use the same port (3000).
Go to packages/server/bin/www and change the default port in line 15.
Now we are ready to run our packages!
Where To Go From Here
Let's recap what we've covered. First, we learned about Yarn workspaces and why it's a great tool to create a monorepo project. Then, we created our first JavaScript monorepo project using Yarn, and we divided the logic of our app into multiple packages: client and server. Also, we created our first basic npm scripts and added the required dependencies for each app.
From this point, I'd suggest you review open-source projects in detail to see how they use Yarn workspaces to split the project logic into many packages. React is a good one.
Also, if you want to see a production website using this approach to separate back-end and front-end apps into independent packages, you can check the source of my website, that also includes a blog admin. When I migrated the codebase to use Yarn workspaces, I created a pull request with Kyle Wetch.
Moreover, I set up the infrastructure for a hackathon project that uses React, webpack, Node.js, and Yarn workspaces, and you can check the source code over here.
Finally, it would be really interesting for you to learn how to publish your independent packages to become familiar with the development life cycle. There are a couple of tutorials that are interesting to check: yarn publish or npm publish.
For any comments or questions, don't hesitate to reach out to me on Twitter. Also, in the following months, I'll publish more content about this in my blog, so you can subscribe there as well. Happy coding!
In this video I am going to show you how to customise the panel layout to create a more comfortable workspace. Also I will be recommending the workspace that I find really effective.Enjoy
**FYI**
In this video tutorial I will be using Adobe Photoshop CC 2014 for mac. Almost all of the principles demonstrated and covered will apply to future and previous versions. Some differences may apply if you are using a previous or future version.
Topics covered:
00:03:45 How to create a workspace
*****************
DOWNLOAD LINKS:
PROJECT FOLDER:
Download the project folder for free from the overview video here:
TUTORIAL COURSE PDF WORKSHEET:
Download the PDF from the overview video here:
*****************
EPISODE LIST WITH LINKS:
COURSE OVERVIEW
00 – The Complete Beginners Guide To Adobe Photoshop | Course overview & breakdown
This video is part of a 33 part course:
SECTION 1 – INTRODUCTION
Export Photoshop Workspace
01 – Interface Introduction to Adobe Photoshop
02 – Panels & Workspaces in Adobe Photoshop
03 – Raster Image principles in Adobe Photoshop
04 – Image size, Dimension, & Resolution in Adobe Photoshop
05 – Layers in Adobe Photoshop
06 – Common file types in Adobe Photoshop
07 – Colour in Adobe Photoshop
08 – 10 Handy tips for beginners to Adobe Photoshop
SECTION 2 – ESSENTIAL PRACTISE App whatsapp gratis.
Photoshop Workspace Color
09 – Making selections in Adobe Photoshop
Amazon Workspaces Photoshop App
10 – Copy & paste in Adobe Photoshop
Simple editing app.
11 – Transform tools in Adobe Photoshop
12 – Using brushes in Adobe Photoshop
13 – Eraser tool & Layer masking
14 – Shape tool in Adobe Photoshop
15 – Type principals in Adobe Photoshop
16 – Layer styles in Adobe Photoshop
17 – Paths & the Pen tool in Adobe Photoshop
18 – Smart objects in Adobe Photoshop
19 – Colour adjustments in Adobe Photoshop
20 – Adjustment layers in Photoshop
21 – Filters in Photoshop
22 – Blending modes in Adobe Photoshop
23 – Saving in Adobe Photoshop
SECTION 3 – CREATE A PROJECT
24 – Setting up a document
25 – 3D paper type effect
26 – Rainbow & clouds illustration
27 – Manage complexity and working smart
28 – Decorating an origami paper bird
29 – Create a origami bird logo
30 – Adding type to the design
31 – Save for print in Adobe Photoshop
32 – Adapt a print design for a web banner
33 – Save for web in Adobe Photoshop
*****************
Adobe Photoshop course and all associated files created and composed by Gareth David of GarethDavidStudio.com
Copyright TastyTuts © All Rights Reserved
Content may be distributed freely for educational purposes only
Website: GarethDavidStudio.com
*****************
Gareth David Studio
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